|
The Ukrainian anti-protest laws are a group of ten laws restricting freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. The laws were passed by the Parliament of Ukraine on January 16, 2014, (referred to as Black Thursday) and signed into law by President Viktor Yanukovych the following day, amid massive anti-government protests that started in November. The laws are collectively known as the "dictatorship laws" ((ウクライナ語:закони про диктатуру)) by Euromaidan activists, non-governmental organizations, scholars,〔http://blogs.piie.com/realtime/?p=4222 "on January 16, he had the parliament adopt nine dictatorial laws"〕 and the Ukrainian media.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Закони про диктатуру вже надруковані )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=В ОБСЄ сподіваються, що Янукович накладе вето на "закони про диктатуру" )〕 Western nations have criticised the laws for their undemocratic nature and their ability to significantly curb the rights to protest, free speech and the activity of non-governmental organisations. They have been described in the media and by experts as "draconian", with Timothy Snyder claiming that they effectively established the nation as a dictatorship. The laws were widely denounced internationally, with US Secretary of State John Kerry describing them as "anti-democratic". The laws were developed by MPs Vadym Kolesnychenko and Volodymyr Oliynyk from the ruling Party of Regions, and supported by a voting bloc consisting of the Party of Regions, the Communist Party and some independent MPs. They were adopted with a number of procedural violations. In accordance with enforcing the new laws, Interior Minister Vitaliy Zakharchenko pledged that "each offence will be met by our side harshly." Nine anti-protest laws were cancelled by the Parliament on 28 January 2014.〔(Law on scrapping January 16 legislation published in Ukraine ), Interfax-Ukraine (3 February 2014)〕〔(Рада отменила скандальные законы )〕〔(Какие законы Рада не отменила )〕 == Procedure == When adopting the laws the Parliament violated a number of its own procedural rules. The laws were voted mostly by showing of hands. This is allowed by the Rules of Procedureuk but only when there is no "technical possibility" to vote through the electronic system. Moreover, hands were "counted" within a few seconds, based on the number of MPs included in the parliamentary groups, while many MPs were in fact absent. Diplomas observing the votes counted only some 100 to 140 raised hands, while the laws would have needed to be adopted by a majority of 226 votes. Most of the laws were adopted without prior consideration in the parliament's committees as required and with no time for examining the laws even by the MPs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-protest laws in Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|